Westlaw rises to legal publishing fame by selling free information

From the Minneapolis City PagesWestlaw rises to legal publishing fame by selling free information,” by Erin Carlyle.

West makes its money by selling free, public information — specifically, court documents — to lawyers. On this simple model, the company raked in $3.5 billion in revenue last year, placing it on a par, sales-wise, with retail giant Abercrombie and Fitch. But its operating profit margin really impresses: At a whopping 32.1 percent, West outpaces that of tech giants like Google (19.4 percent), Amazon (3.4 percent), and eBay (20.8 percent). Westlaw excels at one simple task: saving lawyers time by making legal information more readily accessible. The company charges a firm of six to ten lawyers as much as $30,000 a year to access its state and federal databases. But since attorneys’ time is worth a lot of money, the service pays for itself. After all, the more work they can do, the more money they can make.

How did it do this?  According to the story, by following these eight rules:

Rule 1: Find a niche with growth potential

Rule 2: Organize information to make it useful

Rule 3: The internet is a distribution channel — not a product

Rule 4: Turn words into math

Rule 5: Separate the signal from the noise

Rule 6: Computers can’t do everything

Rule 7: Treat content like patented material

Rule 8: Print’s not dead, it just needs online help

The Next Generation of Legal Citations Survey, and Authentication and Link Rot Issues

Link rot is a pet peeve of mine.  A posting I made on June 11, 2008, “Law School Laptop Bans,” already has a broken link to a news story and the posting isn’t even a year old yet.  And I can’t count the number of times I have found a terrific-sounding right-on-point resource in a law review footnote, only to find its URL leads to the dreaded “404 Not Found.”  But it’s more than a pet peeve issue, as this survey makes clear:

“The Next Generation of Legal Citations: A Survey of Internet Citations in the Opinions of the Washington Supreme Court and Washington Appellate Courts, 1999-2005″

Journal of Appellate Practice and Process, Vol. 9, No. 2, Fall 2007

TINA CHING, Seattle University School of Law

As more legal research is conducted online, it is reasonable to conclude that there will be a corresponding increase in citations to the Internet by judges in their opinions. With the widespread public use of the Internet to access information along with the constant changes and impermanence of websites, citing to the Internet should be an issue of increasing concern to the legal community across the country. This paper surveys the types of Internet sources the Washington state Supreme Court and Appellate Court justices are citing. It discusses the interrelated issues of link rot and the impermanence of web pages, citation format, authentication and preservation of online electronic legal information.

 

Source:  LSN Legal Information & Technology Vol. 1 No. 11,  04/29/2009

The Swine Flu Outbreak and International Law

American Society of International Law has released an ASIL Insight on the Swine Flu, which includes a handy description of WHO pandemic phases.

 

The Swine Flu Outbreak and International Law

April 27, 2009

by David P. Fidler

David P. Fidler, an ASIL member, is the James Louis Calamaras Professor of Law and Director of the Center on American and Global Security at the Indiana University Maurer School of Law, Bloomington

 

http://www.asil.org/insights090427.cfm

The Original Law Journals

“The Original Law Journals”

Green Bag 2d, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 187-217, Winter 2009
George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 09-15

ROSS E. DAVIES, George Mason University – School of Law, The Green Bag

Commercially speaking, law journalism was a risky business in the early Republic. According to Frederick Hicks, of the 30 legal periodicals that went into business before 1850, 24 also went out of business before 1850. And of the six that survived into the second half of the century, five expired by 1866, leaving just one to carry on over the long term. (That one is the Legal Intelligencer of Philadelphia, which is still in operation today.) A simple recitation of Hicks’s body count does not, however, reveal the full intensity of the semi-Hobbesian existence of those early journals. A few features of their experience merit a bit more attention. First, the very short lifespans. Second, the total number of failures. Third, the persistence of failure despite enthusiastic support from pillars of the bar. And fourth, the depths of obscurity into which those failed journals have tended to fall.

Source: LSN Law & Rhetoric Vol. 2 No. 33,  04/28/2009

African Studies Abstracts Online

The University of Leiden’s African Studies Centre Library posts its African Studies Abstracts Online for free.  The entries are arranged by country, author, subject, and periodical title. Law is one of the subjects listed.  Many of the  journal citations will be useful for those studying human rights, development issues, and environmental law. The African Studies Abstracts Online is published four times a year.

From the African Studies Abstracts Online description and coverage notes:

African Studies Abstracts Online provides an overview of articles from periodicals and edited works on sub-Saharan Africa in the field of the social sciences and the humanities available in the African Studies Centre library.

 

African Studies Abstracts Online covers edited works (up to 50 in each issue) and a wide range of journals in the field of African studies. Some 240 journals are systematically scanned. Just over half of these are English-language journals, just under a quarter are French, and most of the rest are German. A few Afrikaans, Dutch, Italian and Portuguese-language journals are also covered. Some 40 percent of all the journals are published in Africa. Newspapers and weeklies, popular magazines and current affairs bulletins, statistical digests, directories, annual reports and newsletters are, with rare exceptions, not scanned.

 

Articles from journals published in Africa and from leading Africanist journals published outside the continent are provided with abstracts. Articles from other journals, including journals on North Africa, are catalogued and indexed without abstracts. All articles are included in the African Studies Centre Library OPAC at http://opc4-ascl.pica.nl/DB=3/LNG=EN/

African Studies Abstracts Online

http://www.ascleiden.nl/Library/Abstracts/ASA-Online/

The Library also provides full-text access to the following great resources:

 Working Papers collection                                                                         http://www.ascleiden.nl/Publications/WorkingPapers.aspx

List of free Africa related e-journals

http://www.ascleiden.nl/Library/FreeOnlinePeriodicals.aspx

Publicist: online supplement to Berkeley Journal of International Law

Last week Erika wrote about the Legal Workshop consortium of law reviews. This month also saw the launch of “Publicist,” the online companion to the Berkeley Journal of International Law. Volume 1 is devoted to the UN Law of the Sea Convention. It will also feature shorter articles less encumbered with citations.

Publicist: Berkeley Journal of International Law   http://www.boalt.org/bjil/

From  Brian R. Israel & Louise S. Gibbons, announcing the launch of “Publicist”:

It is our great pleasure to introduce Publicist, an online publication of the Berkeley Journal of International Law (BJIL). Publicist supplements BJIL’s print journal with comparatively shorter and more frequent essays written by leading practitioners and scholars of international law. “The teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations” are identified as a subsidiary source of international law in the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Publicist is designed to facilitate the rapid, global dissemination of teachings of these contemporary “publicists.”

Publicist welcomes submissions analyzing current topics in public and private international law. Essays should be brief (around 3000) and more-lightly-footnoted than a traditional law review article. The concise format facilitates the rapid publication of essays. We aim to edit and publish submissions within weeks of acceptance.  In order to do this, BJIL editors will not verify each citation as we do for our print journal; ultimate responsibility for accuracy rests with authors.

http://bjil.typepad.com/publicist/2009/03/introducing-publicist.html

 

International Climate Policy and Carbon Markets Newsletter

The Euro-Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change issues a free newsletter to help keep up on climate change law developments: “International Climate Policy and Carbon Markets.”

Newsletter description:

International Climate Policy and Carbon Market is a bi-monthly report aimed to show and analyze clearly the evolution frame of the carbon market, and the international and domestic climate policy measures around the world.

 

The report is drafted in four sections focused on i) international negotiations and national policies, ii) European and international energy policy, iii) flexible mechanisms and developing countries, and finally, iv) the valuation of the carbon price in the European and global market

International Climate Policy and Carbon Markets Newsletter

http://www.cmcc.it/publications-meetings/publications/bi-monthly-report-international-climate-policy-and-crbon-market

OregonLaws.org – Nifty!

Law students working to improve the system — from the folks at Building a Better Legal Profession trying to improve the profession to the journal folks trying to redefine legal scholarship online with the Legal Workshop site — are inspiring.  And, here is another amazing feat: Robb, a law student at Lewis & Clark Law School has created a pretty amazing and FREE web site for statutory research in Oregon.

When you visit the site for OregonLaws.org, you are immediately struck by the simple, but well-thought out features:

-easy-to-read, indented statutory provisions

-big picture browsing of the titles and volumes

-official annotations appear on the side of relevant statutory language

-source/citation provided for all provisions

-[there is a 'talk to a robot' feature which sounds nifty, but I'm far more interested in the other features]

And, what is more, you can follow the latest enhancements by subscribing to the OregonLaws blog or follow it on Twitter.

Why did Robb create this site?  He writes on his site that he developed this site because he wanted to:

“Increase access to the legal system by lowering the cost of legal research,
Create new ways to browse and learn the law,
Develop an open platform for others to build upon,
Provide a basis for computer-assisted academic research and analysis of statutes.”

Bravo! We’ll share this with our students in Advanced Legal Research.

[Hat tip to Carl Malamud and his tweets on this topic!]

Rudovsky v. West Publishing Corp. – Judge writes readers were “not informed that some cases cited in earlier volumes had since been reversed or modified.”

An earlier post here, “So Who Does Write Those Expensive Supplements and Updates to Big Name Treatises?, commented upon a lawsuit brought against Thomson West by the authors of one of their treatises.   Yesterday Judge Fullam (United States District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania) issued an opinion in the case that is the subject of a story in The Legal Intelligencer, “Judge denies injunction to law professors but seems to back some claims in defamation suit,” by Shannon P. Duffy.”  The story quotes from the judge’s opinion, Rudovsky v. West Publishing Corp.:

“Although plaintiffs had no role in authoring the pocket part, defendant West made it appear that they had indeed authored the pocket part, with aid from members of the publisher’s staff,” Fullam wrote.

“To make matters worse,” Fullam wrote, “the quality of that particular pocket part was not up to standard.”

Fullam found that “few if any relevant court decisions were included in the publication,” and that readers were “not informed that some cases cited in earlier volumes had since been reversed or modified.” ‘

Here’s the full opinion:


IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
DAVID RUDOVSKY and : CIVIL ACTION
LEONARD SOSNOV

v.

WEST PUBLISHING CORPORATION, :
WEST SERVICES INC., and :
THOMSON LEGAL AND REGULATORY :
INC. t/a THOMSON WEST : NO. 09-cv-00727-JF
MEMORANDUM
Fullam, Sr. J. April 23, 2009

Plaintiffs are well-known law professors who, in 1987, contracted with the defendant West Publishing Corporation to publish a book on Pennsylvania criminal procedure, entitled “Pennsylvania Criminal Procedure: Law, Commentary and Forms.”  They also undertook to provide annual updates (“pocket parts”), and such updates were in fact provided each year until 2007, with the exception of the year 2000, when a second edition of the entire publication was issued.

When the time came for a 2008 update, the parties were unable to agree upon the financial terms pursuant to which plaintiffs would provide the pocket part, and the contractual arrangement between them was terminated.

Defendant nevertheless issued a 2008-2009 pocket part, in December 2008, but that publication was entitled “By David Rudovsky … and … Leonard Sosnov.” Below their names, in smaller print, were added the words “and the publisher’s staff.”

Thus, although plaintiffs had no role in authoring the pocket part, defendant West made it appear that they had indeed authored the pocket part, with aid from members of the publisher’s staff. To make matters worse, the quality of that particular pocket part was not up to standard. Few, if any, relevant court decisions were included in the publication; and the reader was not informed that some cases cited in earlier volumes had since been reversed or modified.’

Plaintiffs thereupon filed this lawsuit, seeking equitable relief as well as damages. By the time of the preliminary injunction hearing, the defendants had taken some further steps to remedy the situation. Eventually, defendants informed their subscribers that the plaintiffs had not had any part in the preparation of the 2008-2009 pocket part, and that the pocket part contained errors and omissions which would be remedied in the subsequent pocket part. Subscribers were also advised, in rather small print, that upon request, they would be given a financial credit against subsequent pocket parts.

The issue now before this Court is whether further interim relief should be ordered.

On the basis of the evidence thus far available, it seems clear that plaintiffs have established a right to some form of remedy – damages to reputation come to mind – but it would seem that the harm has already been done, and that, if plaintiffs do require further injunctive relief in order to complete their remedy, such relief would be just as effective after final hearing.

Plaintiffs argue, for example, that the defendant should be required to disclose more prominently and with greater clarity and emphasis that plaintiffs were not involved in the preparation of the offending pocket part. Plaintiffs also argue that the defendants should be required to extend to all subscribers an offer to refund the cost of the offending pocket part. But I am not persuaded that plaintiffs’ entitlement to this kind of relief is so clear that it would be appropriate to order it preliminarily.

In short, I am inclined to believe that the likelihood of further irreparable harm pending final outcome of this litigation has not been established with sufficient clarity.

I recognize that reasonable minds might well differ as to whether the corrective measures taken by the defendants were adequate. And it may well be that the defendants may, in their own self-interest, decide that further interim corrective measures should be taken, in order to minimize plaintiffs’ claims for damages. But I am not persuaded that the situation is sufficiently clear as to warrant further preliminary injunctive relief. An Order will be entered.

BY THE COURT:
/s/ John P. Fullam
John P. Fullam, Sr. J.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
DAVID RUDOVSKY and : CIVIL ACTION
LEONARD SOSNOV
v.

WEST PUBLISHING CORPORATION, :
WEST SERVICES INC., and :
THOMSON LEGAL AND REGULATORY :
INC. t/a THOMSON WEST : NO. 09-cv-00727-JF
ORDER
AND NOW, this 23rd day of April 2009,upon consideration
of plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction, and defendants’
responses, IT IS ORDERED:
That the motion for preliminary injunctive relief is
DENIED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ John P. Fullam
John P. Fullam, Sr. J.

Administrative Procedures and Bureaucratic Performance: Is Federal Rulemaking ‘Ossified’?

“Administrative Procedures and Bureaucratic Performance: Is Federal Rulemaking ‘Ossified’?”

Univ. of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1079

JASON W. YACKEE, University of Wisconsin Law School
SUSAN WEBB YACKEE, affiliation not provided to SSRN

We provide the first empirical assessment of the ossification thesis, the widely accepted notion that procedural constraints on federal agencies have greatly hindered the ability of those agencies to formulate policy through notice and comment rulemaking. Using data that covers all active federal rule-writing agencies from 1983 to 2006, our results largely disconfirm the ossification thesis. Agencies appear readily able to issue a sizeable number of rules, and to do so relatively quickly. Indeed, our empirical results suggest that procedural constraints may actually speed up the promulgation of rules, though our model suggests that this positive effect may decline, or even reverse, as proposed rules age. We conclude that procedural constraints do not appear to unduly interfere with the ability of federal agencies to act, or in most cases, to act in a timely manner.

 

Source: LSN Experimental & Empirical Studies Vol. 10 No. 28,  04/24/2009