Legal Research Guide to Canadian Statutes

Legal Research Guide to Statutes

Eric B. Appleby

Maritime Law Book, 2007

http://www.mlb.nb.ca/site/ffiles/statute.pdf

From the introduction:

This legal research guide is meant to provide instruction on how to find cases that are relevant to an issue in the law of statutes and statutory interpretation. This guide does not provide instruction on how to find statutes or regulations.

Table of Contents

1. The language of statutes – common terms defined

2. Operation and effect of statutes

3. Operation and effect, on earlier statutes

4. Interpretation of Statutes

5. Remedial Statutes

6. Penal Statutes

Hat tip: Ted Tjaden.  One of many nuggets in his excellent book “Legal Research and Writing,” 3rd Edition.

Bloomberg Law’s discounts challenge information suppliers

“Bloomberg Law’s discounts challenge information suppliers” is the headline to a story in today’s Financial Times (p. 19) by Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson.

The story quotes Lou Andreozzi, the new head of Bloomberg Law, on the company’s efforts to persuade attorneys to consider at least replacing one of their “Wexis” accounts with Bloomberg Law, since Bloomberg’s flat rate pricing (quoted at $ 450 per attorney) is preferable to the “more expensive and unpredictable sums” charged by the competition.

The story also reports how “Bloomberg has recruited ‘hundreds’ of lawyers to create a citation system, which advises users whether cases are still in use, to rival those owned by Westlaw and Lexisnexis.”

The story quotes analyst David Curie who says that “Bloomberg looked unlikely to make big inroads in the short term, but its ‘deep pockets’ made it a long-term challenger.  ‘The pricing definitely is the most challenging and disruptive thing about it,’ he said, predicting that others may follow its flat fees . . .

The story  includes a sidebar, “Legal services industry continues to expand” which includes this information:

Law firms and corporate legal departments once looked to legal research services for basic case law, newspaper articles and public records.

As such information has become more freely available, companies such as Thomson Reuters’ Westlaw division and Reed Elsevier’s LexisNexis have concentrated to turning their databases into online tools to enhance clients’ productivity.

The sidebar goes on to use Thomson’s acquisition of Pangea3 as an example.

U.K. Librarians Loud About Price Increases

“British research libraries are protesting price increases by journal publishers, which come amid severe budget constraints in the U.K.”

From the Marketplace section of today’s Wall Street Journal:

Price Hikes Put U.K. Libraries in a Bind

Publishers Increase Fees for Research Journals as Government Issues Budget Constraints; ‘We Just Don’t Have the Money’

By Paul Sonne

From the report:

The concern among British librarians comes as the model for scholarly-journal pricing is under pressure. Many big education institutions buy huge packages of journals, in both print and digital versions, under bulk pricing deals that are steadily ratcheted up over time. With flat or declining budgets, some institutions are now looking for ways to save money without seriously curtailing access for students and researchers.

. . .
The situation could pose a challenge to publishing companies. “You can’t assume that you are going to raise your prices faster than the budget of your customers forever,” said Claudio Aspesi, senior media analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. “One day or another, this was going to be a problem.” . . .

 

To that I say:  Here, here.

Milestone for Open Bibliographic Data: British Library Releases 3 Million Records

Following up on some earlier United Kingdom (UK)-related posts here  — Digital Britain — UK Government’s Strategic Vision (June 18, 2009) and British Library Warning as to Potential for Loss of United Kingdom’s Online/Web Heritage (February 25, 2010) – according to the Open Knowledge Foundation — the British Library is at a watershed in terms of open access (OA) bibliographic data:

Milestone for Open Bibliographic Data: British Library Release 3 Million Records

This is apparently the first substantial corpus of bibliographic data to be released in an open form by a national library.

The data — i.e., the entire British National Bibliography — is reportedly also available in searchable form at Bibliographica.

Hat tip to ResourceShelf.com.

Bloomberg Lays Down the Law

From Crain’s New York Business, “Bloomberg LP lays down the law: Financial data giant storms legal research in its typically big way.”

Hilary Potkewitz writes: “The financial data and news juggernaut has quietly hired nearly 500 lawyers over the past year, making it the largest source of new legal jobs in New York.”

What do Westlaw and Lexis make of Bloomberg‘s ambitions in the legal research arena?

““We’re not seeing much of a change in the marketplace [because of Bloomberg]. We’re feeling very strong and comfortable,” says Mike Dahn, chief U.S. marketing and product development officer for Eagan, Minn.-based Westlaw….

LexisNexis Vice President Clemens Ceipek is more blunt. “Bloomberg has a lot of money, and that’s why we can’t ignore them,” he says, “but it’s going to be really hard for them, just like it would be really hard for us to compete in the financial markets.””

The article continues that “cost-conscious law librarians” are taking notice of Bloomberg’s less expensive flat fees and extended free trials.

“The 200 largest law firms spend an average of $2.7 million per year on Lexis and Westlaw combined, according to The American Lawyer.”  How much of that will go to Bloomberg over time?  Other contenders?  Watch and wait….

Bringing Fairness to International Justice: a Handbook on the International Criminal Court for Defense Lawyers in Africa

Bringing Fairness to International Justice: a Handbook on the International Criminal Court for Defense Lawyers in Africa

Jolyon Ford

Pretoria (Tshwane),: Institute for Security Studies, 2009

http://www.iss.co.za/uploads/LAWYERSHANDBOOKICC.PDF

From the Introduction:

Consider the following six brief and related statements:

 

1. Impunity and inaction in response to the most serious crimes of concern to the

international community represent a failure to meet human rights principles,

to respect victims, and to deal with issues affecting future peace.

 

2.A global consensus exists on the need to provide an acceptable, principled

international criminal justice system as a means to deal with perpetrators of

international crimes: that consensus is reflected in the Rome Statute of the

ICC.

 

3.The ICC is only likely to be perceived as just, effective, legitimate and

sustainable to the extent that it is fair in its treatment of those brought before

it.

 

4. Representation by a competent independent legal defence counsel is, in turn,

considered indispensible to fair investigations and trials in the ICC and other

international criminal tribunals.

 

5.The role of the defence lawyer in ensuring systematic fairness in international

justice deserves more attention generally.

 

6.There is, in particular, an ongoing need for more awareness raising and

capacity building in order to enable African lawyers to engage in the work of

the ICC in general and in Africa, including by acting as defence counsel or

assistants.

 

This handbook explores some of the issues raised in these statements with a view

to increasing African lawyers’ understanding of, and engagement, with the ICC

and its processes and in particular the role of defence counsel, in order to help

bring fairness to international justice.

 

Online Translation: Passing Switzerland, Spain is now in the hands of the video and suture

Somewhat pessimistic take on the future of machine translation from an editor at Forbes.

Computers Will They Ever Learn?

Lee Gomes

Forbes, Vol.186 #2, p.44 (August 9, 2010)

http://www.forbes.com/global/2010/0809/columnists-lee-gomes-digital-tools-computers-will-they-learn.html

Ask most computer programmers what would happen if, suddenly, their computers got a thousand times faster. Most would rhapsodize about being able to immediately put that extra power to good use.

Ask Franz Josef Och the same question, though, and he says that even with a machine a thousand times more powerful than today’s his program wouldn’t run significantly better than it does right now, as far as most people could tell. Which is quite an admission, because Och is responsible for one of the most amazing computer programs in the world: He is head of the division at Google that runs Google Translate.

 

 

U.S. Courts’ eJuror System Gives Prospective Jurors an Online Option to Respond Online

The United States Courts’ national eJuror system now permits prospective jurors to respond online to jury questionnaires or summons they receive.

See: eJuror System Gives Prospective Jurors an Online Option.

Prospective jurors may also update personal information online.

Plus, should they be selected for jury service, they can:

  • check when they need to report;
  • submit a request for an excuse or deferral; and
  • elect an alternative time to serve.

Reportedly, at this time, some 80 of the 94 U.S. district courts have the necessary eJuror software installed, and more than half of those courts are already live on eJuror.

See: a video about eJuror.

See also: U.S. Courts’ links and information on jury service and jury resources.

United Nations Databases and Web Sites for Legal Research and Education

United Nations Databases and Web Sites for Legal Research and Education

Steven Robert Miller   (Indian Univ. Law Library)

Res Gestae, The Journal of the Indiana State Bar Association

Vol.54 # 3 , pp.12-20 (October 2010)

Nice article providing an introduction to major UN databases, such as UNTS, UN-I-QUE, and the UN AudioVisual Library of International Law,  ASIL’s ILEX database of U.S. cases, and IALS’s FLARE index of Treaties.  All web sites are free.

Hat tip to Paul

Un-Legislative History

Wikipedia is often a boon for quick legal research about well-publicized matters.  It’s a great way to find where a statute is codified, or the background of a famous case.  When it comes to legislative history, though, sometimes Wikipedia’s a bust.  For anyone looking for a good example of why one must follow up with proper research into legislative history, please see Wikipedia’s entry on the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which passed in July 2010.  As of Nov. 16, 2010, Wikipedia has the following to say about the changes implemented by Title XI of Dodd-Frank:

“The Federal Reserve Act is amended to change the New York Federal Reserve President to a Presidential appointment, with the advice and consent of the Senate.”

In support of this assertion, Wikipedia cites and links to the Enrolled Final Version of HR 4173, available on the LOC’s Thomas page.  Unfortunately, Wikipedia gets it wrong:  The version of the bill that passed Congress removed that language (which had been proposed by the Senate but rejected by the House).  The Senate’s proposal in this regard was snipped on June 17, 2010, weeks before the final bill passed.  Legislative history research–including review of committee meeting transcripts–coupled with news and secondary source coverage bore out the truth.

We always offer cautions when it comes to Wikipedia, and now there’s a handy example to which we can refer.

UPDATE:  Thanks to our helpful reader, Wikipedia has been policed. . .while its lesson remains!